
Vietnam has enacted its Law on Digital Transformation, launched a national digital architecture linking 79 shared platforms, and expanded biometric ID: over 84,000 foreign residents now hold biometric e-ID accounts, Noi Bai Airport processes thousands daily via facial-recognition kiosks, and authorities have proposed extending electronic identity to physical assets and transactions. This shows biometric identity becoming the required gateway to banking, healthcare, insurance and travel, part of a wider global pattern of governments making verified digital identity a prerequisite for ordinary participation in economic life.