
A USAID Inspector General investigation has referred more than 100 current or former UNRWA employees to the State Department for participation in the October 7, 2023 Hamas attacks, including a former school teacher accused of holding civilian hostages and a school principal already debarred for coordinating with Hamas during the assault. More referrals and possible criminal cases are expected. The findings add to documented evidence that Hamas infiltrated UN humanitarian infrastructure in Gaza, complicating trust in international agencies and any future arrangements over Gaza's governance and reconstruction.