Rome Renames Judaea 'Syria Palaestina' After Crushing Jewish Revolt

After the Bar Kokhba revolt was crushed around 135 AD, the Roman province of Judaea was renamed Syria Palaestina under Hadrian. Jerusalem became the Roman colony Aelia Capitolina, and Jews were generally barred from entering. The name Palestine had earlier Greek usage and links to the Philistines; Syria Palaestina was a Roman province, not an independent state. Modern Palestinian nationalism emerged mainly in the twentieth century, with earlier roots. The photograph shows a bust of Hadrian at the British Museum. Image: Orangeaurochs, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.